Researchers from India's CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organization have developed a predominantly dry, low-temperature fabrication process for flexible all-inorganic perovskite solar cells, combining material sustainability with high device performance.
The device structure - PET/ITO/rGO–SnO₂ (or rGO–TiO₂)/CsSn₁‑yGeᵧI₃/MoOₓ/Carbon - integrates lead-free CsSn₁‑yGeᵧI₃ absorbers and graphene-modified electron transport layers, enabling a power conversion efficiency of 19.2% with enhanced operational and mechanical stability. The architecture employs MoOₓ as a dopant-free hole transport layer with favorable energy-level alignment, while minimizing solvent use throughout fabrication.
This study demonstrates the potential of all-inorganic, lead-free perovskite compositions in flexible photovoltaic applications and highlights the role of careful interfacial and structural optimization in achieving simultaneous electronic efficiency and mechanical robustness.
